Ubushakashatsi bushya bwakozwe n’inzobere z’u Rwanda ku bufatanye n’abashakashatsi mpuzamahanga bwagaragaje ibimenyetso bikomeye byerekana ko virusi ya Marburg ishobora gukomeza kuba mu mubiri w’umuntu n’iyo yaba yarakize ndetse ibipimo byo mu maraso bikagaragaza ko nta virusi ikimugaragaramo.
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byasohotse mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi Nature Health, bikaba byibanze ku bantu bane bahuye n’icyorezo cya Marburg cyibasiye u Rwanda mu 2024.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko abagore babiri banduye iyi virusi nyuma yo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’abagabo bari bamaze gukira no gusezererwa mu bitaro.
Ni ubwa mbere mu mateka y’ibyorezo bya Marburg, ubushakashatsi bugaragaje ibimenyetso bifatika byemeza ko iyi virusi ishobora kwandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina nyuma y’uko umurwayi agaragaye nk’uwakize.
Urugendo rw’umusore w’imyaka 25 rwahindutse isomo rikomeye
Umwe mu bagabo bagize uru ruhererekane yari afite imyaka 25.
Yahuye n’ubwandu bwa Marburg hagati ya tariki ya 8 na 15 Nzeri 2024, atangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye nyuma y’iminsi mike.
Yagize umuriro mwinshi, kuruka, impiswi, umunaniro ukabije, kubabara imikaya ndetse n’ingingo z’umubiri.
Ubuzima bwe bwakomeje kuzamba kugeza ubwo yinjijwe mu bitaro ku wa 27 Nzeri.
Bukeye bwaho, ibipimo byemeje ko yanduye Marburg.
Yajyanywe mu cyumba cy’indembe aho yahawe ubuvuzi bwihariye ndetse n’umuti wa remdesivir.
Nyuma y’iminsi 13 arwariye mu bitaro, yagaragaje gukira ku buryo ibipimo bibiri byafashwe mu maraso byagaragaje ko nta virusi ikimugaragaramo. Ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2024 yasezerewe nk’umuntu wakize.
Icyo gihe ariko nta gipimo cy’amasohoro cyari cyakozwe.
Iminsi icyenda nyuma yo gukira, ibintu byafashe indi ntera
Nyuma y’iminsi icyenda gusa asezerewe mu bitaro, uyu musore yakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’umugore w’imyaka 21.
Mu minsi itanu yakurikiyeho, uwo mugore yatangiye kugira ibimenyetso bisa neza n’ibya Marburg birimo umuriro, kuruka, isesemi ndetse n’umunaniro ukabije.
Yajyanywe kwa muganga, maze ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2024 ibipimo byemeza ko yanduye Marburg.
Abashakashatsi bakoze iperereza ryimbitse ku rugendo rw’uwo mugore mbere yo kurwara, ariko ntibashoboye kubona ahandi yaba yarahuriye n’ubwandu uretse iyo mibonano mpuzabitsina yabaye nyuma y’uko uwo mugabo asezerewe mu bitaro.
Undi mugabo na we yasanzwemo ibisigisigi bya virusi
Urundi rugero rwafashwe n’abashakashatsi rwari urw’umugabo w’imyaka 29.
Uyu na we yanduye Marburg mu mpera za Nzeri 2024, agaragaza ibimenyetso birimo umuriro n’umunaniro ukabije.
Yinjijwe mu bitaro ku wa 1 Ukwakira, ahabwa ubuvuzi ndetse n’umuti wa remdesivir. Nyuma y’iminsi 14, ibipimo byo mu maraso byagaragaje ko yakize maze asezererwa.
Nyuma yo gusezererwa, ibizamini byakozwe ku masohoro ye byagaragaje ko hari hakirimo ibisigisigi bya virusi ya Marburg.
Ku wa 19 Ukwakira, yakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’umugore w’imyaka 29.
Hashize iminsi mike, uwo mugore na we atangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso bikomeye bya Marburg. Ku wa 26 Ukwakira, ibipimo byemeza ko yanduye.
Nk’uko byagenze ku mugore wa mbere, iperereza ryakozwe ntiryigeze ribona indi nzira iyo virusi yaba yaranyuzemo.
Abashakashatsi bakoze iperereza rirambuye
Mu kwemeza aya makuru, abashakashatsi ntibashingiye gusa ku buhamya bw’abo barwayi.
Bakoze isesengura ryimbitse ku gihe abanduye bagaragaje ibimenyetso, uburyo bahuye, ibisubizo by’ibipimo ndetse n’andi makuru yose ashobora kugaragaza inkomoko y’ubwandu.
Banakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngirangingo za virusi (genome sequencing), basanga virusi zafashwe kuri abo barwayi zifitanye isano n’icyorezo cya Marburg cyari cyibasiye u Rwanda icyo gihe.
Nubwo batashoboye kubona genome yuzuye cyangwa gukura virusi nzima mu masohoro, ibisubizo byabonetse byahaye imbaraga umwanzuro wabo ko iyo mibonano mpuzabitsina ari yo yari inzira nyamukuru y’ubwandu.
Impamvu ubu bushakashatsi bufite akamaro gakomeye
Mbere y’ubu bushakashatsi, hari hasanzwe hamenyekana ko virusi zo mu muryango umwe na Marburg, zirimo Ebola, zishobora kuguma mu masohoro igihe kirekire nyuma y’uko umuntu akize.
Ariko nta bushakashatsi bwari bwarigeze bwerekana neza ko Marburg na yo ishobora kwandurira muri ubwo buryo.
Ibi byatumaga hari icyuho mu ngamba zo gukurikirana abarwayi bakize.
Ubushakashatsi bw’u Rwanda bwabaye ubwa mbere bugaragaza ibimenyetso bifatika bishyigikira iyo nzira y’ubwandu, bityo bukaba bushobora guhindura uburyo ibihugu byinshi bizajya bikurikirana abarwayi bakize Marburg.
U Rwanda rwahise ruhindura amabwiriza
Nyuma y’ibi byagaragaye, inzego z’ubuzima mu Rwanda zahise zivugurura amabwiriza yo gukurikirana abarwayi bakize Marburg.
Mbere, umuntu yasezererwaga hashingiwe ku bipimo bibiri byo mu maraso byagaragazaga ko nta virusi igihari.
Ubu hashyizweho gahunda yo gukurikirana abarwayi igihe kirekire nyuma yo gukira, harimo no gupima amasohoro ndetse n’andi matembabuzi y’umubiri kugira ngo harebwe niba nta virusi igihari.
Abakize kandi bakomeje guhabwa inama zijyanye no kwirinda gukwirakwiza ubwandu, harimo gukoresha agakingirizo no gukomeza kwitwararika mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
Isomo rikomeye ku Rwanda n’Isi
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye mu gusobanukirwa neza imiterere ya virusi ya Marburg.
Byerekanye ko kuba umuntu yakize ndetse ibipimo byo mu maraso bikagaragaza ko nta virusi ikigaragaramo, bitahita bivuga ko ibyago byo kuyanduza abandi byarangiye burundu.
Ku Rwanda, ubu bushakashatsi bwafashije kunoza ingamba zo gukurikirana abakize no kwitegura ibyorezo bishobora kuzaza.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga na bwo, bushobora guhindura uburyo bwo guhangana na Marburg no kurushaho kurinda abaturage mu gihe cy’ibyorezo bizaza.
Icyorezo cya Marburg cyagaragaye bwa mbere mu Rwanda ku wa 27 Nzeri 2024.
Muri rusange cyanduje abantu 66, gihitana 15, mu gihe 51 bakize.
Nyuma y’amezi menshi icyorezo kirangiye, ubu bushakashatsi bwongeye kwerekana ko hari byinshi siyansi igikomeje kuvumbura kuri iyi virusi yica cyane.
#AMAKURU
