Amateka atazwi ya Green Card: Impamvu yashyizweho n’ibyayikurikiye

Green Card, izwi ku izina rya Permanent Resident Card, yashyizweho bwa mbere mu 1950 mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Perezida Harry S. Truman. Ni muri icyo gihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari zikeneye uburyo buhamye bwo gucunga abimukira no kubaha uburenganzira bwo gutura no gukorera mu gihugu, nyuma y’ingaruka z’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.

Ikarita yari ifite ibara ry’icyatsi, ari naho havuye izina “Green Card”. Intego nyamukuru yari ugusubiza icyuho cy’umurimo cyari cyatewe n’intambara, ndetse no gutuma abimukira babasha kubaho mu buryo butekanye kandi bwemewe n’amategeko.

Ingaruka z’iyi gahunda zari nyinshi. Ku bihugu bamwe bavuyemo, by’umwihariko mu Burayi nyuma y’intambara no mu bihugu bya Amerika y’Amajyepfo, byabuze abantu benshi bafite ubumenyi n’imbaraga z’imirimo, kuko benshi bahisemo kujya gushakira amahirwe mashya muri Amerika. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku bukungu bw’ibyo bihugu, ariko ku rundi ruhande byabaye amahirwe ku bimukira babashije gutangira ubuzima bushya.

Ku ruhande rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Green Card yabaye igikoresho gikomeye mu guteza imbere ubukungu. Yafashije mu kongera umubare w’abakozi mu nganda, mu bwubatsi no mu zindi nzego, ndetse inafasha igihugu kwiyubaka mu buryo bwihuse nyuma y’intambara. Nanone kandi, yatanze isura y’uko Amerika ari “igihugu cy’amahirwe” gishobora kwakira abantu baturutse imihanda yose.

Green Card (Permanent Resident Card) itangwa buri mwaka ku bantu bashaka gutura muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyibona, ariko icyizwi cyane ni Diversity Visa Program (DV Lottery).

DV Lottery itanga Green Card zigera ku bihumbi 55 (55,000) buri mwaka.

Izo ni izigenerwa abantu baturuka mu bihugu bitoherejwe cyane abimukira muri Amerika,usibye DV Lottery, hari n’izindi nzira zitanga Green Card buri mwaka, zirimo:

• Ubusabe bw’umuryango (Family-sponsored): Abanyamerika cyangwa abafite Green Card basabira abo mu miryango yabo.
• Ubusabe bw’akazi (Employment-based): Abakozi bafite ubumenyi cyangwa impano zihariye.
• Abasaba ubuhungiro cyangwa ubuhunzi (Asylees & Refugees).

Ariko iyo abantu bavuga ngo “Green Card itangwa buri mwaka” baba bavuze cyane cyane kuri DV Lottery, igira 55,000 slots buri mwaka.

Mu gihe cya vuba, Green Card ikomeje kuba inzira yifuzwa n’abantu benshi bifuza kuba muri Amerika kuko nubu muruyu mwaka hari abagiye baturutse mubihugu bitandukanye ndetse no mu Rwanda, ndetse hari nabagiye gutangira kugerageza amahirwe kugirango nibabatoranya bazagende muwundi mwaka ukurikira . green card ariko nanone igaragaraho ingaruka z’ubuhunzi bw’amahanga, aho ibihugu bikennye bikomeza gutakaza abakozi bafite ubumenyi bajya gushakira imibereho myiza hanze.

Green Card ntishobora gusa gusobanurwa nk’impapuro zemerera umuntu gutura muri Amerika, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso cy’uko amateka, ubukungu n’imibereho mpuzamahanga bifitanye isano. Yari igisubizo ku bibazo bya Amerika nyuma y’intambara, ariko inahinduka ikimenyetso cy’amahirwe kuri benshi n’icyuho kuri bamwe kuko bakomeza kubura abantu.